Posts Tagged ‘Communication’

Do you truly care what others think?

12 June 2009

Last week, I taught mid-career professionals in using dialogue (as opposed to discussion) to explore issues and understand different points of view.

A brief primer on dialogue: While discussion focuses on seeing differences, justifying positions, persuading and selling (among other things), dialogue seeks to increase understanding among people, seeing connections, exploring assumptions and creating shared meaning.

Dialogue balances advocacy (advancing your point of view) with inquiry (exploring what’s underneath others’ and your own perspectives). Discussion favors advocacy over inquiry.

Back to my story: Here were a motivated group of people, who had spent a week together working on learning about themselves and about communicating effectively, and yet it was really hard for them to keep from slipping out of dialogue into discussion.

They had prepared themselves for the dialogue and identified dialogic behaviors they wanted to develop, but in practice sessions they did much more advocacy than inquiry, including interrupting each other.

Clearly, people needed more time and practice to learn how to dialogue. They were smart, motivated folks, yet the old habits still took hold.

I wonder how true that is for influence leaders in general. I know I sometimes surrender to my desire to drive home a point.

How well do you practice true inquiry and dialogue with the people you want to influence? Do you succumb to desire to advocate too readily?

There’s no substitute for talking

4 June 2009

In a meeting this morning, a client described a protracted conflict with some of his board members and how they would communicate with him in multiple-page e-mails (at least one was sent at 2 am on a Sunday morning!). These e-mails included attacks and criticisms that crossed the line, at least from my client’s (and my own) perspective.

In this age of electronic communication—e-mail, text messaging, Twitter, etc.—I think that people are trying to do too much electronically—and too little face-to-face.

When it comes to clearing the air with someone, e-mail and memos simply don’t cut it. You’ve got to talk face-to-face.

It’s pretty common, though, that when the conversation gets tough, when there is conflict, people want to protect themselves. And, an easy way to do that is to send one-way messages rather than risk a two-way conversation.

Unfortunately, doing that only makes things worse, because those one-way communication tools have very limited bandwidth. You can’t see their gestures, you can hear their tone of voice or even tell if they care. You can’t show you understand, and neither can they.

To have a productive conversation and actually resolve a problem, you need a lot of bandwidth—and that only comes in a face-to-face meeting.

You’d need to do what one of my coaching clients did a few weeks back. He had a very unpleasant exchange with a colleague in the hallway. Talking with me, he took a step back, looked at the situation from a different angle, and made a plan to approach his colleague for a one-on-one chat. It went very well—even better than expected.

If you want to perpetuate a conflict, retreating to one-way communication works well. If you want to resolve the problem, there’s no getting around talking face-to-face.

Go straight to the source

20 May 2009

A colleague  relates a recent story where her agency used someone’s creative work in a video and fully credited the artist.  The video was posted on YouTube and instantly the artist learned of the video and started a campaign to get friends to post comments deriding the agency for using the lyrics without permission.

This could have gotten very ugly, very quickly. You can imagine a viral smear campaign, the good name of non-profit organization maligned, everyone calling in their lawyers, the media reports. All of that could have happened in the course of an afternoon.

My colleague’s solution was not to delete the comments from YouTube or remove the video or call their lawyer. She and her coworkers tracked down the artist and spoke with her directly. And made a deal. Over the phone, in a matter of minutes. The proverbial win-win.

All of this because she decided not to go through channels or take a defensive stance. Her agency acted quickly to open a line of communication, apologized and forthrightly solved the problem.

Something for the influence leader to remember: When there’s a misunderstanding, go to the source, the person who can clear it up. Sincerely apologize if you screwed up, and work together to fix the situation. And, skip the intermediaries, the consiglieri, all the folks that can make the situation more complicated—and possibly worse (even though they intend well).

It’s gutsy to be sure, but it often pays off.

Mind the gap!

12 May 2009

Mind the gap! That’s the warning on the London Underground to be careful of the gap between the subway car and the platform.

It’s also a useful reminder of the sometimes wide gap between what we intend to tell people and how others receive our message or perceive us. We may think that our intentions are clear, but sometimes we find that they have been badly misinterpreted by others.

If we’re lucky, we figure out there’s a gap and can fix it. Unfortunately, sometimes we don’t learn about the gap in time.

Here is a cautionary tale that illustrates the gap between what we intend to do and how we are perceived by others. It was contributed by a reader named “Nanner.”

One of my earlier City jobs was in the Personnel Department and one year I was graced with coordinating the budget.  This was back in the day of 80-80 printouts.  The department head and his deputy would go out for drinks after work and talk about the budget.  My role was to stay in the office (no OT) and wait for them to come back.  I’d white out the old numbers and put in the new so the update could be run for the next day.  You might imagine that I soon tired of this routine.  I thought if I could be at the table when they were making their decisions, it would save time for me.

So how to get at the table?  I knew the direct approach was unlikely to be effective.  So one evening before five o’clock, I walked down the hall saying, “Anyone want to go out for a drink after work?”  Needless to say, that did not have the desired result.

Fast forward to a promotional opportunity.  I applied, was interviewed, and no decision was ever announced.  I figured to heck with these folks and found a better job at another department.  At my exit interview, I learned that I had given the impression that I was more interested in going out for a drink than I was in doing my work!

That’s when I learned about unsaid expectations - metrics that people are measured by without even knowing it.  I decided that was terribly unfair.  So I have been hyperconscious ever since about making my expectations for working with others very clear.  That has become especially important as I moved into supervisory and managerial roles.  It has worked well.

Nanner’s strategy of concealing her intentions backfired. She invited people for drinks rather than asking directly for what she needed. She now clearly negotiates expectations with others to reduce the chances that each other’s intentions will be misunderstood. This practice of hers dramatically reduces “the gap.”

Power of an explanation

4 February 2009

What’s one of the easiest and most effective ways to influence someone?

Make sure your request includes the word “because.”

A classic study by social psychologist Ellen Langer illustrates that people are far more likely to comply with a request if it includes a phrase that begins with “because” and includes an explanation.

People are more likely to do things when they have been given a reason. They like to know why something needs to be done now, how what they do fits into the bigger picture, and they just plain want to be treated with respect.

Explaining the situation or rationale to someone is a good way to show someone respect.

And, being the kind of person who shows people respect increases your influence. People are more likely to be influenced by people who respect them.

In addition to explaining a request after it’s made, try giving an explanation before the request. Lay out the situation for them. People really appreciate being briefed this way.

Another benefit of giving an explanation is that the person has information that helps them figure out how to make sure the effort achieves results. They know why they are doing something and will be able to adjust and innovate as needed to achieve the results.

So, giving people an explanation increases the chances they’ll do what you ask and helps them feel respected. It gets things done, improves relationships, and increases your influence.

Questions as hard power

10 November 2008

Ever watched a press conference or interview an observed how hard the people responding work to avoid answering the questions they’re asked? In debates, town hall meetings, and call-in shows, questions are carefully screened.

Why?

Because questions are powerful—even revolutionary. They’re often more powerful than answers. The questions you ask can change minds, expose inconsistencies, and even raise people’s ire (if they didn’t want that question asked).

Once a question is out there, it can’t be retracted. And, once asked, a question demands an answer, even if it’s suppressed. They lead you somewhere. This is why questions can be threatening to people.

For that reason, I think of questions—like “How does this project advance our mission?” or “If we treat customer X this way, why don’t we treat customer Y the same way?”—as hard power tools. They don’t exactly coerce someone to do something, but they make it mighty hard for folks to avoid the issues they raise.

Like all hard power tools, when asking questions, influence leaders need to make sure they are acting strategically and without using manipulation. Questions can be mighty powerful and misuse of them can lead to big problems.

Hard power

7 November 2008

Much of my advice in this blog is focused on “soft power”: how to use influence, charisma, communication and other subtle tools to make change in your world. But what about “hard power”, like coercion or strong-arm tactics? As an influence leader, you don’t have as much hard power as someone with rank—say a CEO or governor, but you have some. Here are a few examples:

Quit. Hollywood reminds us that when the going gets tough, you can always quit your job. If you’ve been asked to do something unethical or stupid, or you’re being treated with such disrespect or contempt, you can always get out.

Wait to say yes. I think the influence leader’s power is the greatest just before they say “yes.” Once you accept a job, a project or assignment, you lose a lot of leverage. People start to take you for granted and often stop trying to accommodate you. If you use that moment just before saying yes, you can get concessions and ask questions that would be much harder to get later.

Say no—with a reason. You can also say “no” to something you don’t agree with. This is the flip side of quitting—you force the other person to decide whether or not to keep you. If you say “no,” you need to deliver a very clear explanation of how the action runs contrary to the goals, values, or beliefs you think are important. And, do it coolly and calmly. If you’re agitated, wait till you’ve got your composure back.

I’ve seen a lot of influence leaders talk themselves out of their hard power; they don’t like it and don’t want to even consider using it. I think that’s a mistake. You can use hard power and still be an ethical influence leader.

Not get emotionally invested? What, are you crazy?

24 October 2008

How can you care about something without getting emotionally invested in it (as I suggested in the “Think like a campaigner” blog entry)? If you’re asking yourself that question, you may be like a blog reader who challenged me, asking how you can keep your emotions in check while also being committed.

The trick is to keep your eye on the prize and keep your ego in check.

Keep that long-term goal in mind. What is your goal? What do you want to change? The goal here needs to be something that helps the “greater good”—the larger organization or its mission. Not something that benefits only you. If it only benefits you (like a promotion), it’ll be very hard to keep your ego from getting pulled into the fray.

Keeping your emotions in check is very hard–but also the sign of an expert influence leader. Obviously, you care. But if you start to care too much and let your emotions run away with you, you can do a lot of harm.

The most straightforward way for keeping emotions in check is to challenge and revise the “stories” (interpretations, conclusions, judgments, assumptions) you make about other people and events—especially those stories concerning another person’s motives. If you view that person as a villain and out to get you (your story), you’re going to feel angry (your emotion) and probably act on that emotion. And, ultimately, hurt your cause because your reptilian (fight or flight) brain will be doing the thinking for you.

And, you may do a lot of damage to your goal and the relationships you need to achieve it.

How do you regain your balance? Recognize and examine that story. Instead of thinking of the other person as a villain or adversary, ask yourself: Why would a reasonable, rational, decent person do this? Develop a couple of additional stories and compare them to the original. Is it possible your story needs revision?

If you can both keep that eye on the prize as well as your emotions in check, you’ll keep your whole brain involved and be much, much more effective as an influence leader.

Then, he got defensive

24 September 2008

Have you ever approached someone to ask them a question or share information and immediately encounter a wall of defensiveness?

This is what happened to a coaching client I spoke with the other day. She didn’t understand where the defensive reaction was coming from. She felt that she had approached the person as gently as she could.

Well, there’s no telling what might “set someone off” on any given day. There are dozens of possible factors. I wouldn’t worry about all the possibilities and instead focus only on those things you control–primarily your behavior.

Fortunately, though, when someone is acting defensively, it’s a little easier to figure out. First, you’ve got to pause the conversation you’re trying to have and switch gears. Find out with of two things are happening. (1) The other person doesn’t think you respect them or (2) he or she thinks you are working against them.

If you’ve “dissed” the person, even accidentally, then by all means apologize. Just make it a sincere apology. (Note: “I’m sorry you’re defensive” is NOT a sincere apology.) Next, tell them what you didn’t intend to do (upset them), and follow with what you did intend to do. This is a great trust-restorer–again if you’re sincere.

If you suspect that the other person thinks that you two are at odds with each other, then look for the common ground. What are you both working toward? You both want the company to look good. Heck, you both want to look good, too. (Maybe they feel defensive because they think you are trying to show them up?)

You can deal with defensiveness if you notice it and deal with it, before getting back to the original topic. The better you are at dealing with defensiveness, the more effective an influence leader you’ll be.

Don’t leave ‘em in the dark!

30 August 2008

How much do you really understand why someone does something? We are often left clueless about what they were reacting to, what pressures they were under. Hell, we often don’t even know why a decision had to be made.

Most of us make the mistake of assuming that other folks perceive the context, the world the same way we do. They should “know” why we do things and understand that we made the best choice possible. We assume they have all the information we do. But, alas, they don’t.

A cute experiment illustrates this point. People were asked to tap out a familiar tune (like “Happy Birthday”) by hitting a table with a pencil. Another person was asked to identify the tune. This experiment was repeated again and again with multiple folks, yet no one correctly guessed the tune being tapped out. The people doing the tapping figured it would be easy, but it wasn’t!

You can’t assume people have all the information you do, so you need to make a special effort to inform them about the context, trends, factors, whatever that you are taking into account when you take action.

And, as an influence leader, you can help educate folks about the context the people in charge (executives, boards, directors, etc.) are reacting to.

Hardly anyone takes the time to bring people up to speed, and it’s a wonderful service to provide. People like to be enlightened. They won’t forget it.